自然很美,也很有力量。
有时,暴雨、洪水、地震、台风、野火会突然改变人们的生活。学习这些英语表达,不是为了制造恐惧,而是为了知道如何描述危险、如何求助、如何保护自己和别人。英语里,natural disasters 的意思是“自然灾害”。
这一节可以作为第十四单元第四课:自然灾害与安全。
核心句子
English | 中文 |
Natural disasters can be dangerous. | 自然灾害可能很危险。 |
An earthquake happened yesterday. | 昨天发生了一场地震。 |
Heavy rain caused a flood. | 大雨引发了洪水。 |
A wildfire destroyed many trees. | 一场野火毁坏了很多树。 |
People should stay calm. | 人们应该保持冷静。 |
We should listen to safety instructions. | 我们应该听从安全指示。 |
Move to a safe place. | 移动到安全的地方。 |
Call for help if you are in danger. | 如果你有危险,打电话求助。 |
Rescue workers helped many people. | 救援人员帮助了很多人。 |
We need food, water, and medicine. | 我们需要食物、水和药。 |
Safety comes first. | 安全第一。 |
We can prepare before disasters happen. | 我们可以在灾害发生前做好准备。 |
1. 自然灾害词汇
先学习一些常见自然灾害的英文。
English | 中文 |
natural disaster | 自然灾害 |
earthquake | 地震 |
flood | 洪水 |
storm | 暴风雨 |
typhoon | 台风 |
hurricane | 飓风 |
tornado | 龙卷风 |
wildfire | 野火 |
drought | 干旱 |
landslide | 山体滑坡 |
tsunami | 海啸 |
volcano | 火山 |
volcanic eruption | 火山爆发 |
disaster area | 灾区 |
emergency | 紧急情况 |
注意:
disaster 是“灾害 / 灾难”。natural disaster 是“自然灾害”。
English | 中文 |
A flood is a natural disaster. | 洪水是一种自然灾害。 |
Earthquakes can be very dangerous. | 地震可能非常危险。 |
2. 问“发生了什么?”
谈自然灾害时,首先要能问清楚发生了什么。
English | 中文 |
What happened? | 发生了什么? |
What caused the flood? | 什么造成了洪水? |
Where did the earthquake happen? | 地震发生在哪里? |
When did the storm start? | 暴风雨什么时候开始的? |
Were people safe? | 人们安全吗? |
Did anyone get hurt? | 有人受伤吗? |
结构:
English Structure | 中文意思 |
What happened? | 发生了什么? |
What caused + noun? | 什么造成了……? |
Where did + event + happen? | 某事件发生在哪里? |
When did + event + start? | 某事件什么时候开始? |
Did anyone + verb? | 有人……吗? |
例子:
English | 中文 |
A: What happened? | A:发生了什么? |
B: A strong earthquake happened. | B:发生了一场强烈地震。 |
A: Did anyone get hurt? | A:有人受伤吗? |
B: Some people got hurt, but rescue workers helped them. | B:有些人受伤了,但救援人员帮助了他们。 |
3. happen / hit / cause:描述灾害发生
描述自然灾害时,常用这三个动词。
happen:发生
English | 中文 |
An earthquake happened yesterday. | 昨天发生了一场地震。 |
A flood happened after heavy rain. | 大雨后发生了洪水。 |
The disaster happened at night. | 灾害发生在夜里。 |
hit:袭击 / 侵袭
English | 中文 |
A storm hit the city. | 一场暴风雨袭击了这座城市。 |
A strong earthquake hit the area. | 一场强烈地震袭击了这个地区。 |
A typhoon hit the coast. | 一场台风袭击了海岸。 |
cause:造成 / 引起
English | 中文 |
Heavy rain caused a flood. | 大雨造成了洪水。 |
The earthquake caused damage. | 地震造成了破坏。 |
Strong winds caused problems. | 强风造成了问题。 |
结构:
English Structure | 中文意思 |
disaster + happened | 灾害发生了 |
disaster + hit + place | 灾害袭击某地 |
cause + noun | 造成某事 |
caused damage | 造成破坏 |
注意:
hit 的过去式还是 hit。
Present | Past | 中文 |
hit | hit | 袭击 / 撞击 |
4. 描述灾害的强度
自然灾害有轻重之分,可以用形容词描述。
English | 中文 |
strong | 强烈的 |
powerful | 强大的 |
heavy | 大的 / 强的 |
serious | 严重的 |
dangerous | 危险的 |
sudden | 突然的 |
terrible | 可怕的 |
deadly | 致命的 |
small | 小的 |
weak | 弱的 |
例子:
English | 中文 |
It was a strong earthquake. | 那是一场强烈地震。 |
There was heavy rain last night. | 昨晚有大雨。 |
The storm was powerful. | 暴风雨很强。 |
The flood was serious. | 洪水很严重。 |
The fire was dangerous. | 火灾很危险。 |
结构:
English Structure | 中文意思 |
a strong earthquake | 一场强烈地震 |
heavy rain | 大雨 |
strong winds | 强风 |
serious damage | 严重破坏 |
a dangerous situation | 一个危险的情况 |
5. damage / destroy:破坏
灾害可能会造成破坏。
English | 中文 |
damage | 损害 / 破坏 |
destroy | 摧毁 |
break | 打破 / 损坏 |
hurt | 伤害 |
injure | 使受伤 |
lose | 失去 / 丢失 |
building | 建筑物 |
road | 道路 |
bridge | 桥 |
home | 家 |
例子:
English | 中文 |
The earthquake damaged many buildings. | 地震损坏了很多建筑物。 |
The flood destroyed some homes. | 洪水摧毁了一些房屋。 |
Strong winds broke windows. | 强风打碎了窗户。 |
Some people lost their homes. | 一些人失去了家。 |
Many roads were damaged. | 很多道路被损坏了。 |
结构:
English Structure | 中文意思 |
damage + noun | 损坏…… |
destroy + noun | 摧毁…… |
lose one’s home | 失去某人的家 |
be damaged | 被损坏 |
注意:
damage 可以是动词,也可以是名词。
English | 中文 |
The storm damaged the house. | 暴风雨损坏了房子。 |
The storm caused damage. | 暴风雨造成了损坏。 |
6. rescue:救援
灾害发生后,救援很重要。
English | 中文 |
rescue | 救援 / 营救 |
rescue worker | 救援人员 |
firefighter | 消防员 |
doctor | 医生 |
nurse | 护士 |
volunteer | 志愿者 |
help | 帮助 |
save | 拯救 |
search | 搜索 |
shelter | 避难所 |
例子:
English | 中文 |
Rescue workers helped many people. | 救援人员帮助了很多人。 |
Firefighters put out the fire. | 消防员扑灭了火。 |
Doctors helped injured people. | 医生帮助受伤的人。 |
Volunteers brought food and water. | 志愿者带来了食物和水。 |
People stayed in a shelter. | 人们待在避难所里。 |
结构:
English Structure | 中文意思 |
rescue workers | 救援人员 |
put out a fire | 扑灭火 |
injured people | 受伤的人 |
bring food and water | 带来食物和水 |
stay in a shelter | 待在避难所 |
7. safety instructions:安全指示
面对灾害时,安全第一。
English | 中文 |
safety | 安全 |
instruction | 指示 |
safety instruction | 安全指示 |
warning | 警告 |
danger | 危险 |
safe place | 安全的地方 |
emergency call | 紧急电话 |
first aid | 急救 |
stay calm | 保持冷静 |
stay away from | 远离 |
例子:
English | 中文 |
People should stay calm. | 人们应该保持冷静。 |
Listen to safety instructions. | 听从安全指示。 |
Move to a safe place. | 移动到安全的地方。 |
Stay away from broken buildings. | 远离受损建筑物。 |
Call for help if you are in danger. | 如果你有危险,打电话求助。 |
结构:
English Structure | 中文意思 |
stay calm | 保持冷静 |
listen to + noun | 听从 / 听…… |
move to + place | 移动到某地 |
stay away from + noun | 远离…… |
call for help | 打电话 / 呼叫求助 |
8. should / shouldn’t:灾害安全建议
给安全建议时,可以用 should 和 shouldn’t。
English | 中文 |
You should stay calm. | 你应该保持冷静。 |
You should move to a safe place. | 你应该移动到安全的地方。 |
You should listen to the teacher. | 你应该听老师的话。 |
You shouldn’t run in panic. | 你不应该惊慌乱跑。 |
You shouldn’t go near broken buildings. | 你不应该靠近受损建筑物。 |
You shouldn’t use elevators during an earthquake. | 地震时你不应该使用电梯。 |
结构:
English Structure | 中文意思 |
should + verb | 应该做某事 |
shouldn’t + verb | 不应该做某事 |
during + noun | 在……期间 |
in danger | 处于危险中 |
例子:
English | 中文 |
During a storm, you should stay inside. | 暴风雨期间,你应该待在室内。 |
During a flood, you shouldn’t walk through deep water. | 洪水期间,你不应该走过深水。 |
During an earthquake, you should protect your head. | 地震期间,你应该保护头部。 |
9. disaster preparation:灾害准备
我们不能控制自然,但可以提前准备。
English | 中文 |
prepare | 准备 |
preparation | 准备 |
emergency kit | 应急包 |
flashlight | 手电筒 |
battery | 电池 |
medicine | 药 |
water | 水 |
food | 食物 |
blanket | 毯子 |
radio | 收音机 |
例子:
English | 中文 |
We can prepare before disasters happen. | 我们可以在灾害发生前做好准备。 |
Every family should have an emergency kit. | 每个家庭都应该有一个应急包。 |
Put water, food, and medicine in the kit. | 把水、食物和药放进应急包。 |
A flashlight can help at night. | 手电筒可以在夜里帮忙。 |
Check your emergency plan. | 检查你的应急计划。 |
结构:
English Structure | 中文意思 |
prepare before + event | 在某事前准备 |
emergency kit | 应急包 |
emergency plan | 应急计划 |
put A in B | 把 A 放进 B |
check + noun | 检查…… |
10. 写一份灾害安全指南
这一课可以做一个安全指南小项目。
English | 中文 |
Make a disaster safety guide. | 制作一份灾害安全指南。 |
Choose one natural disaster. | 选择一种自然灾害。 |
Write what can happen. | 写下可能发生什么。 |
Write what people should do. | 写下人们应该做什么。 |
Write what people shouldn’t do. | 写下人们不应该做什么。 |
Add an emergency kit list. | 添加应急包清单。 |
安全指南模板:
English | 中文 |
Disaster: earthquake | 灾害:地震 |
What can happen: Buildings can shake. | 可能发生什么:建筑物会摇晃。 |
People should stay calm. | 人们应该保持冷静。 |
People should protect their heads. | 人们应该保护头部。 |
People shouldn’t use elevators. | 人们不应该使用电梯。 |
Emergency kit: water, food, flashlight, medicine | 应急包:水、食物、手电筒、药 |
另一个例子:
English | 中文 |
Disaster: flood | 灾害:洪水 |
What can happen: Water can cover roads. | 可能发生什么:水会覆盖道路。 |
People should move to higher ground. | 人们应该移动到更高的地方。 |
People shouldn’t walk through deep water. | 人们不应该走过深水。 |
Emergency kit: water, food, radio, blanket | 应急包:水、食物、收音机、毯子 |
重点结构
English Structure | 中文意思 |
Natural disasters can be dangerous. | 自然灾害可能很危险。 |
What happened? | 发生了什么? |
An earthquake happened yesterday. | 昨天发生了一场地震。 |
A storm hit the city. | 一场暴风雨袭击了这座城市。 |
Heavy rain caused a flood. | 大雨引发了洪水。 |
The earthquake caused damage. | 地震造成了破坏。 |
Rescue workers helped many people. | 救援人员帮助了很多人。 |
People should stay calm. | 人们应该保持冷静。 |
Move to a safe place. | 移动到安全的地方。 |
Safety comes first. | 安全第一。 |
小对话
English | 中文 |
A: What happened? | A:发生了什么? |
B: A strong storm hit the city. | B:一场强烈暴风雨袭击了这座城市。 |
A: Did it cause damage? | A:它造成破坏了吗? |
B: Yes. Strong winds damaged some buildings. | B:是的。强风损坏了一些建筑物。 |
A: Were people safe? | A:人们安全吗? |
B: Some people went to a shelter. | B:一些人去了避难所。 |
A: What should we do during a storm? | A:暴风雨期间我们应该做什么? |
B: We should stay inside and listen to safety instructions. | B:我们应该待在室内并听从安全指示。 |
开口练习
请大声读下面的句子。
English | 中文 |
Natural disasters can be dangerous. | 自然灾害可能很危险。 |
An earthquake happened yesterday. | 昨天发生了一场地震。 |
Heavy rain caused a flood. | 大雨引发了洪水。 |
A wildfire destroyed many trees. | 一场野火毁坏了很多树。 |
People should stay calm. | 人们应该保持冷静。 |
Move to a safe place. | 移动到安全的地方。 |
Rescue workers helped many people. | 救援人员帮助了很多人。 |
Safety comes first. | 安全第一。 |
现在用你自己的情况练习:
English | 中文 |
A _____ happened yesterday. | 昨天发生了一场_____。 |
The _____ hit the city. | _____袭击了这座城市。 |
Heavy rain caused _____. | 大雨造成了_____。 |
People should _____. | 人们应该_____。 |
People shouldn’t _____. | 人们不应该_____。 |
We need _____ in an emergency kit. | 我们在应急包里需要_____。 |
Safety comes _____. | _____第一。 |
本节小结
在这一节,你学会了如何用英语谈论自然灾害、危险、破坏、救援和安全准备。
你现在应该能说:
English | 中文 |
Natural disasters can be dangerous. | 自然灾害可能很危险。 |
What happened? | 发生了什么? |
Heavy rain caused a flood. | 大雨引发了洪水。 |
Rescue workers helped many people. | 救援人员帮助了很多人。 |
People should stay calm. | 人们应该保持冷静。 |
Safety comes first. | 安全第一。 |
自然有时会露出巨大的力量。
但语言、知识和准备,是我们手里的小灯。学会这些句子后,你就可以用英语描述自然灾害,也能更清楚地表达安全建议和求助信息。