英语里有些过去式很简单:加 -ed 就可以。 比如 play → played, watch → watched, clean → cleaned。
但是,有些动词不按这个规则走。它们有自己的过去式,比如 go → went, do → did, have → had。这些叫 irregular verbs,意思是“不规则动词”。
这一节,我们会学习一些最常见、最有用的不规则动词。
核心句子
English | 中文 |
This is an irregular verb. | 这是一个不规则动词。 |
Irregular verbs do not use -ed. | 不规则动词不使用 -ed。 |
Go becomes went. | go 变成 went。 |
Do becomes did. | do 变成 did。 |
Have becomes had. | have 变成 had。 |
I went to the park. | 我去了公园。 |
I did my homework. | 我做了作业。 |
I had dinner with my family. | 我和家人吃了晚饭。 |
I saw my friend. | 我看见了我的朋友。 |
I ate breakfast. | 我吃了早餐。 |
I drank water. | 我喝了水。 |
I made a card. | 我做了一张卡片。 |
1. 不规则动词词汇
先学习一些和动词有关的基础词汇。
English | 中文 |
verb | 动词 |
regular verb | 规则动词 |
irregular verb | 不规则动词 |
present | 现在 |
past | 过去 |
past tense | 过去式 |
change | 改变 |
become | 变成 |
sentence | 句子 |
example | 例子 |
remember | 记住 |
use | 使用 |
learn | 学习 |
practice | 练习 |
common | 常见的 |
注意:
regular verb 是“规则动词”。irregular verb 是“不规则动词”。
English | 中文 |
play → played | 规则动词 |
go → went | 不规则动词 |
2. 什么是不规则动词?
规则动词的过去式常常加 -ed。
Present | Past | 中文 |
play | played | 玩 → 玩了 |
watch | watched | 看 → 看了 |
clean | cleaned | 打扫 → 打扫了 |
help | helped | 帮助 → 帮助了 |
但是,不规则动词不这样变。
Present | Past | 中文 |
go | went | 去 → 去了 |
do | did | 做 → 做了 |
have | had | 有 / 吃 → 有了 / 吃了 |
see | saw | 看见 → 看见了 |
结构:
English Structure | 中文意思 |
Regular verbs use -ed. | 规则动词使用 -ed。 |
Irregular verbs do not use -ed. | 不规则动词不使用 -ed。 |
Go becomes went. | go 变成 went。 |
例子:
English | 中文 |
I played outside. | 我在外面玩了。 |
I went outside. | 我去外面了。 |
I cleaned my room. | 我打扫了房间。 |
I did my homework. | 我做了作业。 |
3. go → went
go 的过去式是 went。
Present | Past | 中文 |
go | went | 去 → 去了 |
例子:
English | 中文 |
I go to school. | 我去学校。 |
I went to school. | 我去了学校。 |
I go to the park. | 我去公园。 |
I went to the park. | 我去了公园。 |
I go home. | 我回家。 |
I went home. | 我回家了。 |
注意:
不要说 goed。
Wrong | Correct | 中文 |
I goed to the park. | I went to the park. | 我去了公园。 |
还有一个小陷阱:
Wrong | Correct | 中文 |
I went to home. | I went home. | 我回家了。 |
4. do → did
do 的过去式是 did。
Present | Past | 中文 |
do | did | 做 → 做了 |
例子:
English | 中文 |
I do my homework. | 我做作业。 |
I did my homework. | 我做了作业。 |
I do my work. | 我做我的工作。 |
I did my work. | 我做了我的工作。 |
What do you do? | 你做什么? |
What did you do? | 你做了什么? |
注意:
did 也常常帮助我们问过去的问题。
English | 中文 |
What did you do? | 你做了什么? |
Did you go to the park? | 你去公园了吗? |
Did you watch a movie? | 你看电影了吗? |
有 did 的问句里,后面的动词用原形。
Wrong | Correct | 中文 |
Did you went? | Did you go? | 你去了吗? |
Did you watched? | Did you watch? | 你看了吗? |
5. have → had
have 的过去式是 had。
Present | Past | 中文 |
have | had | 有 / 吃 → 有了 / 吃了 |
例子:
English | 中文 |
I have breakfast. | 我吃早餐。 |
I had breakfast. | 我吃了早餐。 |
I have lunch. | 我吃午饭。 |
I had lunch. | 我吃了午饭。 |
I have a good day. | 我有美好的一天。 |
I had a good day. | 我过了美好的一天。 |
注意:
have 可以表示“有”,也可以表示“吃 / 喝”。
English | 中文 |
I have a pen. | 我有一支笔。 |
I have dinner. | 我吃晚饭。 |
6. see → saw
see 的过去式是 saw。
Present | Past | 中文 |
see | saw | 看见 → 看见了 |
例子:
English | 中文 |
I see a bird. | 我看见一只鸟。 |
I saw a bird. | 我看见了一只鸟。 |
I see my friend. | 我看见我的朋友。 |
I saw my friend. | 我看见了我的朋友。 |
I see a dog in the park. | 我在公园看见一只狗。 |
I saw a dog in the park. | 我在公园看见了一只狗。 |
结构:
English Structure | 中文意思 |
I saw + noun. | 我看见了 + 名词。 |
I saw + person. | 我看见了 + 人。 |
I saw + animal. | 我看见了 + 动物。 |
7. eat → ate
eat 的过去式是 ate。
Present | Past | 中文 |
eat | ate | 吃 → 吃了 |
例子:
English | 中文 |
I eat breakfast. | 我吃早餐。 |
I ate breakfast. | 我吃了早餐。 |
I eat an apple. | 我吃一个苹果。 |
I ate an apple. | 我吃了一个苹果。 |
I eat noodles. | 我吃面条。 |
I ate noodles. | 我吃了面条。 |
注意:
ate 的发音常见为 /eɪt/,和数字 eight 发音一样。
English | 中文 |
ate | 吃了 |
eight | 八 |
8. drink → drank
drink 的过去式是 drank。
Present | Past | 中文 |
drink | drank | 喝 → 喝了 |
例子:
English | 中文 |
I drink water. | 我喝水。 |
I drank water. | 我喝了水。 |
I drink milk. | 我喝牛奶。 |
I drank milk. | 我喝了牛奶。 |
I drink tea. | 我喝茶。 |
I drank tea. | 我喝了茶。 |
结构:
English Structure | 中文意思 |
I drank + drink. | 我喝了 + 饮品。 |
例子:
English | 中文 |
I drank juice. | 我喝了果汁。 |
I drank hot water. | 我喝了热水。 |
I drank tea with my mother. | 我和妈妈喝了茶。 |
9. make → made
make 的过去式是 made。
Present | Past | 中文 |
make | made | 做 / 制作 → 做了 / 制作了 |
例子:
English | 中文 |
I make a card. | 我做一张卡片。 |
I made a card. | 我做了一张卡片。 |
I make breakfast. | 我做早餐。 |
I made breakfast. | 我做了早餐。 |
I make a plan. | 我做一个计划。 |
I made a plan. | 我做了一个计划。 |
注意:
make 更强调“制作 / 做出来”。do 更强调“做任务 / 做事情”。
English | 中文 |
I did my homework. | 我做了作业。 |
I made a card. | 我做了一张卡片。 |
10. take → took
take 的过去式是 took。
Present | Past | 中文 |
take | took | 拿 / 乘坐 / 花费 → 拿了 / 乘坐了 / 花费了 |
例子:
English | 中文 |
I take the bus. | 我坐公交车。 |
I took the bus. | 我坐了公交车。 |
I take a photo. | 我拍照。 |
I took a photo. | 我拍了一张照片。 |
It takes ten minutes. | 需要十分钟。 |
It took ten minutes. | 花了十分钟。 |
结构:
English Structure | 中文意思 |
I took the bus. | 我坐了公交车。 |
I took a photo. | 我拍了一张照片。 |
It took + time. | 花了 + 时间。 |
11. come → came
come 的过去式是 came。
Present | Past | 中文 |
come | came | 来 → 来了 |
例子:
English | 中文 |
I come to school. | 我来学校。 |
I came to school. | 我来了学校。 |
He comes home. | 他回家。 |
He came home. | 他回家了。 |
My friend comes to my house. | 我的朋友来我家。 |
My friend came to my house. | 我的朋友来了我家。 |
注意:
come 是“来”。go 是“去”。方向不同。
English | 中文 |
I came here. | 我来到了这里。 |
I went there. | 我去了那里。 |
12. get → got
get 的过去式是 got。
Present | Past | 中文 |
get | got | 得到 / 到达 / 变得 → 得到了 / 到达了 / 变得 |
例子:
English | 中文 |
I get a gift. | 我得到一份礼物。 |
I got a gift. | 我得到了一份礼物。 |
I get home at five. | 我五点到家。 |
I got home at five. | 我五点到家了。 |
I get tired. | 我变累。 |
I got tired. | 我变累了。 |
结构:
English Structure | 中文意思 |
I got + noun. | 我得到了 + 名词。 |
I got home. | 我到家了。 |
I got + adjective. | 我变得 + 形容词。 |
例子:
English | 中文 |
I got a new book. | 我得到了一本新书。 |
I got sick last week. | 我上周生病了。 |
I got home late. | 我很晚到家了。 |
13. 常见不规则动词表
Present | Past | 中文 |
go | went | 去 → 去了 |
do | did | 做 → 做了 |
have | had | 有 / 吃 → 有了 / 吃了 |
see | saw | 看见 → 看见了 |
eat | ate | 吃 → 吃了 |
drink | drank | 喝 → 喝了 |
make | made | 做 / 制作 → 做了 / 制作了 |
take | took | 拿 / 乘坐 / 花费 → 拿了 / 乘坐了 / 花费了 |
come | came | 来 → 来了 |
get | got | 得到 / 到达 / 变得 |
buy | bought | 买 → 买了 |
bring | brought | 带来 → 带来了 |
think | thought | 想 / 认为 → 想了 / 认为 |
say | said | 说 → 说了 |
tell | told | 告诉 → 告诉了 |
例子:
English | 中文 |
I bought a book. | 我买了一本书。 |
I brought my bag. | 我带来了我的包。 |
I thought it was fun. | 我觉得那很有趣。 |
She said hello. | 她说了你好。 |
He told me a story. | 他给我讲了一个故事。 |
14. 用不规则动词造句
Verb | Sentence | 中文 |
went | I went to the park. | 我去了公园。 |
did | I did my homework. | 我做了作业。 |
had | I had breakfast. | 我吃了早餐。 |
saw | I saw my friend. | 我看见了我的朋友。 |
ate | I ate an apple. | 我吃了一个苹果。 |
drank | I drank water. | 我喝了水。 |
made | I made a card. | 我做了一张卡片。 |
took | I took the bus. | 我坐了公交车。 |
came | My friend came to my house. | 我的朋友来了我家。 |
got | I got home at five. | 我五点到家了。 |
重点结构
English Structure | 中文意思 |
This is an irregular verb. | 这是一个不规则动词。 |
Irregular verbs do not use -ed. | 不规则动词不使用 -ed。 |
Go becomes went. | go 变成 went。 |
Do becomes did. | do 变成 did。 |
Have becomes had. | have 变成 had。 |
I went to the park. | 我去了公园。 |
I did my homework. | 我做了作业。 |
I had dinner. | 我吃了晚饭。 |
Did you go there? | 你去那里了吗? |
What did you do? | 你做了什么? |
小对话
English | 中文 |
A: What is an irregular verb? | A:什么是不规则动词? |
B: It is a verb that does not use -ed. | B:它是一个不使用 -ed 的动词。 |
A: What is the past of go? | A:go 的过去式是什么? |
B: Went. | B:went。 |
A: Can you use it in a sentence? | A:你可以用它造句吗? |
B: Yes. I went to the park. | B:可以。我去了公园。 |
A: What is the past of do? | A:do 的过去式是什么? |
B: Did. I did my homework. | B:did。我做了作业。 |
开口练习
请大声读下面的句子。
English | 中文 |
This is an irregular verb. | 这是一个不规则动词。 |
Irregular verbs do not use -ed. | 不规则动词不使用 -ed。 |
Go becomes went. | go 变成 went。 |
Do becomes did. | do 变成 did。 |
Have becomes had. | have 变成 had。 |
I went to the park. | 我去了公园。 |
I did my homework. | 我做了作业。 |
I had breakfast. | 我吃了早餐。 |
现在用你自己的情况练习:
English | 中文 |
Yesterday, I went to _____. | 昨天,我去了_____。 |
Last weekend, I did _____. | 上个周末,我做了_____。 |
I had _____ for breakfast. | 我早餐吃了_____。 |
I saw _____ at school. | 我在学校看见了_____。 |
I ate _____. | 我吃了_____。 |
I drank _____. | 我喝了_____。 |
I made _____. | 我做了_____。 |
I took _____. | 我乘坐 / 拿了_____。 |
本节小结
在这一节,你学习了常见的不规则动词。
你现在应该能说:
English | 中文 |
Go becomes went. | go 变成 went。 |
Do becomes did. | do 变成 did。 |
Have becomes had. | have 变成 had。 |
I went to the park. | 我去了公园。 |
I did my homework. | 我做了作业。 |
I had dinner. | 我吃了晚饭。 |
不规则动词像英语里的小野兽:不走直线,但很常出现。
把 went, did, had, saw, ate, drank, made, took 这些词练熟,你就能更自然地讲述昨天、上周末和过去发生的事情。