我们身边的很多东西都有材料。
衬衫可能是棉做的,桌子可能是木头做的,杯子可能是玻璃做的,硬币可能是金属做的。学习材料词汇,可以帮助我们描述物品,也能帮助我们理解物品从哪里来、怎样被制造。英语里,What are the shirts made of? 的意思是“这些衬衫是由什么制成的?”
这一节,我们会学习如何谈论材料、产地、制造过程,以及被动语态 be made of / be made from / be made in。
核心句子
English | 中文 |
What are the shirts made of? | 这些衬衫是由什么制成的? |
They are made of cotton. | 它们是棉做的。 |
What is the table made of? | 这张桌子是由什么制成的? |
It is made of wood. | 它是木头做的。 |
Paper is made from wood. | 纸是由木材制成的。 |
Cheese is made from milk. | 奶酪是由牛奶制成的。 |
This cup is made of glass. | 这个杯子是玻璃做的。 |
The ring is made of silver. | 这枚戒指是银做的。 |
Where was it made? | 它是在哪里制造的? |
It was made in China. | 它是在中国制造的。 |
These products are useful. | 这些产品很有用。 |
Many things are made by hand. | 很多东西是手工制作的。 |
1. 材料词汇
先学习一些常见材料。
English | 中文 |
material | 材料 |
cotton | 棉 / 棉布 |
wool | 羊毛 |
silk | 丝绸 |
leather | 皮革 |
wood | 木头 |
glass | 玻璃 |
metal | 金属 |
silver | 银 |
gold | 金 |
steel | 钢 |
paper | 纸 |
plastic | 塑料 |
clay | 黏土 |
bamboo | 竹子 |
注意:
很多材料词是不可数名词,通常不加 a / an。
English | 中文 |
cotton | 棉 |
wood | 木头 |
glass | 玻璃 |
paper | 纸 |
plastic | 塑料 |
不要说 a cotton、a wood 来表示材料。
2. 问“它是什么做的?”
想问物品的材料,可以说:
English | 中文 |
What is it made of? | 它是由什么制成的? |
What is this cup made of? | 这个杯子是由什么制成的? |
What are these shirts made of? | 这些衬衫是由什么制成的? |
What is the table made of? | 这张桌子是由什么制成的? |
What are the chopsticks made of? | 这些筷子是由什么制成的? |
结构:
English Structure | 中文意思 |
What is + singular noun + made of? | 单数物品是由什么制成的? |
What are + plural noun + made of? | 复数物品是由什么制成的? |
What is it made of? | 它是由什么制成的? |
What are they made of? | 它们是由什么制成的? |
例子:
English | 中文 |
What is the chair made of? | 这把椅子是由什么制成的? |
It is made of wood. | 它是木头做的。 |
What are the shirts made of? | 这些衬衫是由什么制成的? |
They are made of cotton. | 它们是棉做的。 |
3. be made of:看得出原材料
be made of 表示“由……制成”。通常用在成品还能看出原材料的时候。
English | 中文 |
The shirt is made of cotton. | 这件衬衫是棉做的。 |
The table is made of wood. | 这张桌子是木头做的。 |
The cup is made of glass. | 这个杯子是玻璃做的。 |
The ring is made of silver. | 这枚戒指是银做的。 |
The bag is made of leather. | 这个包是皮革做的。 |
结构:
English Structure | 中文意思 |
It is made of + material. | 它是由某种材料制成的。 |
They are made of + material. | 它们是由某种材料制成的。 |
The + noun + is made of + material. | 某物由某材料制成。 |
例子:
English | 中文 |
This scarf is made of silk. | 这条围巾是丝绸做的。 |
These socks are made of wool. | 这些袜子是羊毛做的。 |
The window is made of glass. | 窗户是玻璃做的。 |
The chopsticks are made of bamboo. | 筷子是竹子做的。 |
注意:
shirt 是单数,用 is。shirts 是复数,用 are。
Singular | Plural |
The shirt is made of cotton. | The shirts are made of cotton. |
4. be made from:原材料变化大
be made from 也表示“由……制成”,但通常用于原材料经过加工后,已经不容易看出原来的样子。
English | 中文 |
Paper is made from wood. | 纸是由木材制成的。 |
Cheese is made from milk. | 奶酪是由牛奶制成的。 |
Wine is made from grapes. | 葡萄酒是由葡萄制成的。 |
Bread is made from flour. | 面包是由面粉制成的。 |
Plastic is made from oil. | 塑料是由石油制成的。 |
结构:
English Structure | 中文意思 |
Noun is made from + material. | 某物由某材料加工制成。 |
Product is made from + raw material. | 产品由原材料制成。 |
例子:
English | 中文 |
Juice is made from fruit. | 果汁是由水果制成的。 |
Tofu is made from soybeans. | 豆腐是由大豆制成的。 |
Noodles are made from flour. | 面条是由面粉制成的。 |
区别:
Expression | 用法 | 例子 |
made of | 原材料还能看出来 | The table is made of wood. |
made from | 原材料变化很大 | Paper is made from wood. |
小记忆:
made of:看得出材料。made from:材料变身了,像换了身份的小演员。
5. be made in:在哪里制造
如果要说“在哪里制造”,用 be made in + 地点。
English | 中文 |
It is made in China. | 它是在中国制造的。 |
This watch is made in Japan. | 这块手表是在日本制造的。 |
These shoes are made in Italy. | 这些鞋是在意大利制造的。 |
The car is made in Germany. | 这辆车是在德国制造的。 |
The product is made in Canada. | 这个产品是在加拿大制造的。 |
结构:
English Structure | 中文意思 |
It is made in + place. | 它在某地制造。 |
They are made in + place. | 它们在某地制造。 |
Product + is made in + country. | 产品在某国家制造。 |
例子:
English | 中文 |
Where is this phone made? | 这部手机是在哪里制造的? |
It is made in China. | 它是在中国制造的。 |
Where are these shoes made? | 这些鞋是在哪里制造的? |
They are made in Italy. | 它们是在意大利制造的。 |
注意:
made of 问材料。made in 问地点。
Question | Answer |
What is it made of? | It is made of cotton. |
Where is it made? | It is made in China. |
6. be made by:由谁制作
如果要说“由谁制作”,用 be made by + 人 / 公司。
English | 中文 |
This cake is made by my mother. | 这个蛋糕是我妈妈做的。 |
The card is made by hand. | 这张卡片是手工制作的。 |
The toy is made by a small company. | 这个玩具是由一家小公司制造的。 |
These shoes are made by workers. | 这些鞋是由工人制作的。 |
The painting is made by a young artist. | 这幅画是由一位年轻艺术家创作的。 |
结构:
English Structure | 中文意思 |
Noun is made by + person. | 某物由某人制作。 |
Noun is made by + company. | 某物由某公司制造。 |
made by hand | 手工制作 |
例子:
English | 中文 |
This scarf is made by my grandmother. | 这条围巾是我奶奶织的。 |
These cookies are made by students. | 这些饼干是学生做的。 |
The basket is made by hand. | 这个篮子是手工制作的。 |
7. 被动语态:be + past participle
这一课的核心语法是被动语态。
主动句:
Active | 中文 |
People make shirts from cotton. | 人们用棉制作衬衫。 |
被动句:
Passive | 中文 |
Shirts are made of cotton. | 衬衫是由棉制成的。 |
结构:
English Structure | 中文意思 |
be + past participle | 被…… |
is made | 被制成 / 是由……制成 |
are made | 被制成 / 是由……制成 |
was made | 过去被制成 |
were made | 过去被制成 |
例子:
English | 中文 |
The cup is made of glass. | 杯子是玻璃做的。 |
The shirts are made of cotton. | 这些衬衫是棉做的。 |
The toy was made in China. | 这个玩具是在中国制造的。 |
The shoes were made by hand. | 这些鞋是手工制作的。 |
注意:
made 是 make 的过去分词。 被动语态里不是 make,而是 made。
Wrong | Correct |
The shirt is make of cotton. | The shirt is made of cotton. |
These cups are make of glass. | These cups are made of glass. |
8. 常见产品和材料
日常物品可以这样描述。
Product | Material | Sentence | 中文 |
shirt | cotton | The shirt is made of cotton. | 衬衫是棉做的。 |
sweater | wool | The sweater is made of wool. | 毛衣是羊毛做的。 |
scarf | silk | The scarf is made of silk. | 围巾是丝绸做的。 |
table | wood | The table is made of wood. | 桌子是木头做的。 |
cup | glass | The cup is made of glass. | 杯子是玻璃做的。 |
spoon | metal | The spoon is made of metal. | 勺子是金属做的。 |
bag | leather | The bag is made of leather. | 包是皮革做的。 |
bottle | plastic | The bottle is made of plastic. | 瓶子是塑料做的。 |
练习句:
English | 中文 |
My T-shirt is made of cotton. | 我的 T 恤是棉做的。 |
My desk is made of wood. | 我的书桌是木头做的。 |
My water bottle is made of plastic. | 我的水瓶是塑料做的。 |
My window is made of glass. | 我的窗户是玻璃做的。 |
9. 产品从哪里来?
很多东西来自自然,也经过人的加工。
English | 中文 |
Cotton comes from plants. | 棉花来自植物。 |
Wool comes from sheep. | 羊毛来自绵羊。 |
Silk comes from silkworms. | 丝绸来自蚕。 |
Wood comes from trees. | 木头来自树。 |
Metal comes from the ground. | 金属来自地下。 |
Paper comes from trees. | 纸来自树。 |
结构:
English Structure | 中文意思 |
Material comes from + source. | 材料来自……。 |
Product is made from + material. | 产品由材料制成。 |
例子:
English | 中文 |
Cotton comes from plants, and shirts are made of cotton. | 棉花来自植物,衬衫由棉制成。 |
Wool comes from sheep, and sweaters are made of wool. | 羊毛来自绵羊,毛衣由羊毛制成。 |
Wood comes from trees, and tables are made of wood. | 木头来自树,桌子由木头制成。 |
10. 介绍一个产品
这一课可以做一个产品介绍。
English | 中文 |
Choose a product. | 选择一个产品。 |
Write what it is made of. | 写下它是由什么制成的。 |
Write where it is made. | 写下它在哪里制造。 |
Write who uses it. | 写下谁使用它。 |
Write why it is useful. | 写下它为什么有用。 |
Share it with the class. | 和全班分享它。 |
产品介绍模板:
English | 中文 |
Product: Shirt | 产品:衬衫 |
Material: Cotton | 材料:棉 |
It is made of cotton. | 它是棉做的。 |
It is made in China. | 它是在中国制造的。 |
People wear it every day. | 人们每天穿它。 |
It is comfortable and useful. | 它舒服又有用。 |
另一个例子:
English | 中文 |
Product: Cup | 产品:杯子 |
Material: Glass | 材料:玻璃 |
It is made of glass. | 它是玻璃做的。 |
People use it to drink water. | 人们用它喝水。 |
It is useful in daily life. | 它在日常生活中很有用。 |
重点结构
English Structure | 中文意思 |
What is it made of? | 它是由什么制成的? |
What are the shirts made of? | 这些衬衫是由什么制成的? |
It is made of cotton. | 它是棉做的。 |
They are made of cotton. | 它们是棉做的。 |
Paper is made from wood. | 纸是由木材制成的。 |
Cheese is made from milk. | 奶酪是由牛奶制成的。 |
Where was it made? | 它是在哪里制造的? |
It was made in China. | 它是在中国制造的。 |
This card is made by hand. | 这张卡片是手工制作的。 |
Many products are useful. | 很多产品很有用。 |
小对话
English | 中文 |
A: What are the shirts made of? | A:这些衬衫是由什么制成的? |
B: They are made of cotton. | B:它们是棉做的。 |
A: Are they comfortable? | A:它们舒服吗? |
B: Yes, they are soft and comfortable. | B:舒服。它们柔软又舒服。 |
A: Where were they made? | A:它们是在哪里制造的? |
B: They were made in China. | B:它们是在中国制造的。 |
A: What is this cup made of? | A:这个杯子是由什么制成的? |
B: It is made of glass. | B:它是玻璃做的。 |
开口练习
请大声读下面的句子。
English | 中文 |
What are the shirts made of? | 这些衬衫是由什么制成的? |
They are made of cotton. | 它们是棉做的。 |
What is the table made of? | 这张桌子是由什么制成的? |
It is made of wood. | 它是木头做的。 |
Paper is made from wood. | 纸是由木材制成的。 |
Cheese is made from milk. | 奶酪是由牛奶制成的。 |
Where was it made? | 它是在哪里制造的? |
It was made in China. | 它是在中国制造的。 |
现在用你自己的情况练习:
English | 中文 |
My shirt is made of _____. | 我的衬衫是由_____制成的。 |
My desk is made of _____. | 我的书桌是由_____制成的。 |
This cup is made of _____. | 这个杯子是由_____制成的。 |
Paper is made from _____. | 纸是由_____制成的。 |
This product is made in _____. | 这个产品是在_____制造的。 |
It is made by _____. | 它是由_____制作的。 |
It is useful because _____. | 它有用,因为_____。 |
本节小结
在这一节,你学会了如何用英语谈论材料、产品和制造。
你现在应该能说:
English | 中文 |
What is it made of? | 它是由什么制成的? |
It is made of cotton. | 它是棉做的。 |
Paper is made from wood. | 纸是由木材制成的。 |
Where was it made? | 它是在哪里制造的? |
It was made in China. | 它是在中国制造的。 |
This card is made by hand. | 这张卡片是手工制作的。 |
物品不是突然出现的。
一件衬衫背后有棉花,一张纸背后有树,一只杯子背后有沙与火的故事。学会这些句子后,你就可以用英语描述日常物品的材料、产地和制作方式。